Regenerative Potential of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Albino Rats: An Experimental Study

Rawda Muhammed, Demonstrator, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptFollow
Ahmad A. Emam, Researcher Staff, Cell Culture Unit (CCU), Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Elham H. Ahmed, Lecturer, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Samah K. Ezzat, Associate professor, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Y.M. El-Hawary, Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

Corresponding Author

Rawda Muhammed

Article Type

Original Article

Section/Category

Oral Biology

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the regenerative capacity of conditioned media derived from bone marrow stem cells (BMMSC-CM) in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw induced in a rat model by injecting zoledronic acid.

Material and Methods: Fifteen adult male albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups: zoledronic acid (ZOL) group, zoledronic acid + gelatin sponge (ZOL+ sponge) group and a BMMSC-CM treatment (CM-treated) group. All animals received intravenous zoledronic acid (1 mg/kg) for three weeks, followed by maxillary first molar extraction and surgical bone defect creation. The defects were filled with a 2.5 mm³ gelatin sponge in group II and gelatin sponge loaded with 50 µL conditioned media of rat BMMSCs in group III. Week later, the rats received a fourth and final ZOL injection. Five weeks after extraction, specimens were harvested for histological and histomorphometric analyses then statistical analysis.

Results: Histological examination revealed characteristic features of MRONJ in the ZOL group, including numerous empty osteocytic lacunae, bone sequestra, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The ZOL + gelatin sponge group showed reduced inflammation but persistent osteonecrosis. In contrast, the CM-treated group demonstrated improved bone regeneration with viable osteocytes, better bone architecture. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in the number of empty osteocytic lacunae in the CM-treated group compared with both ZOL and ZOL + sponge groups.

Conclusions: Using conditioned media offers a promising acellular therapeutic modality for managing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, serving as practical and clinically convenient alternative to stem cell-based interventions.

Keywords

Bisphosphonates, Osteonecrosis, zoledronic acid, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, conditioned media.

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How to Cite This Article

Muhammed R , Emam A , Ahmed E , Ezzat S , El-Hawary Y . Regenerative Potential of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Albino Rats: An Experimental Study. Mans J Dent. 2026; 13(3):
Available at: https://doi.org/10.61793/2812-5479.1198